Chapter 1: Introduction

Code of Practice for Official Statistics

DCMS Sector Economic Estimates series is an Official Statistic and has been produced to the standards set out in the Code of Practice for Statistics. The statistical series has undergone National Statistics assessment this year. The Office for Statistics Regulation are expected to publish a report in December 2018.

Background

Released: 28 November 2018

Geographic Coverage: United Kingdom

This release provides estimates for the contribution of DCMS sectors to the UK economy, represented by:

• Gross Value Added (GVA), shown in current prices (i.e. not adjusted for inflation)
• Gross Value Added (GVA), shown in chained volume measures (i.e. adjusted for inflation)

Both of these estimates are available from 2010 to 2017. The same data sources are used for DCMS estimates as for national estimates, enabling comparisons to be made on a consistent basis. The time lag between the publication date and the reference period for the statistics is due to the time it takes to collect and process the data.

A definition for each sector is available in the associated methodology note, along with details of methods and data limitations. There is significant overlap between DCMS sectors so users should be aware that the estimate for “DCMS sectors total” is lower than the sum of the individual sectors.

*The contribution of the sectors covered by the Office for Civil Society are included in the current price GVA estimates. The GVA expressed in chained volume measures does not currently include the industries covered by the Office for Civil Society. This may be developed in the future if there is sufficient user demand.

In summary, the data presented in this report on GVA:  

1. Are based on Official Satistics data sources
2. Are based on internationally-harmonised codes, meaning the estimates are:
   • Comparable at both a national and international level.
   • Comparable over time, allowing trends to be measured and monitored.
   • Subject to limitations of the underlying classifications around reflecting the current balance and make-up of the UK economy. For example, the SIC codes were developed in 2007 and have not been revised since. Emerging sectors, such as Artificial Intelligence, are therefore hard to capture and may be excluded or mis-coded.
3. Are based on survey data (Annual Business Survey and National Accounts) and, as with all data from surveys, there will be an associated error margin surrounding these estimates*
   • This means we cannot say an estimate of, for example, 20% is very accurate for the whole population. Our best estimates, from the survey sample, suggest that the figure is 20%, but due to the degree of error, the true population figure could perhaps be 18% or 22%.
   • This is not an issue with the quality of the data or analysis; rather it is an inherent principle when using survey data to inform estimates.
   *Sampling error is the error caused by observing a sample (as in a survey) instead of the whole population (as in a census). While each sample is designed to produce the “best” estimate of the true population value, a number of equal-sized samples covering the population would generally produce varying population estimates.
4. Are using the most up to date data and making assumptions to estimate the value for 2017 where this is not possible. Whilst robust, this approach will have future revisions for the reasons outlined below:
   • National Accounts (supply and use tables) for 2017 are not balanced until 2019
   • The supply and use tables are re-balanced each year and therefore revisions can be made for the back series. These are planned revisions and part of the annual adjustment and balancing process.
   • At the time of analysis, the Annual Business Survey data were available up to 2016 only. Therefore, the 2017 data are based on 2016 proportions.

Alternative economic measures of DCMS Sectors are produced by others organisations, including DCMS’s Arm’s Length Bodies. A summary of these statistics and the varying methodologies used is available in Annex B of this report.

Chapter 2: GVA in DCMS Sectors – current prices

This chapter presents UK GVA estimates for each DCMS sector at a headline level. All estimates of GVA in this chapter are shown in current prices (i.e. not adjusted for inflation).

As mentioned in Chapter 1, these estimates are based on survey data from the ONS Annual Business Survey (ABS) and National Accounts. Further information on the methodology, including strengths and limitations of this approach, is available in Annex A of the report and the associated methodology notes.

Please note that there has been a methodology change for the Tourism estimates in 2015 which means data prior to 2015 are not comparable. More information is available in Table 2.1 of this report.For this reason, estimates are produced in this chapter for DCMS Sectors (excluding Tourism sector) where applicable. This does not affect data after 2015 which are comparable for all sectors.

Summary

In 2017, the contribution of DCMS Sectors to the UK economy (GVA) was estimated to be at £267.7bn, or 14.6% of UK GVA.

In 2016, DCMS Sectors accounted for 14.7% of UK GVA. These sectors saw slower growth over the past year than for the UK economy as a whole increasing by 3.4% since 2016 (£258.9bn), compared to 4.8% for the UK economy as a whole.

Looking at the trend since 2010, DCMS Sectors (excluding Tourism) increased by 36.0% compared to a 28.7% growth for the UK economy as a whole in the same period. DCMS Sectors (excluding Tourism) contributed 10.9% of UK GVA, at £200.1bn in 2017. This is a 4.9% increase since 2016 (£190.7bn) compared to a 4.8% growth for the UK economy since 2016.

(hover over here to show: All estimates of GVA in this chapter are shown in current prices (i.e. not adjusted for inflation).

Figure 2.1 shows the growth rate for DCMS sectors (excluding Tourism) as a whole, whilst Table 2.1 outlines the GVA contribution in £billions for each of DCMS sectors.

Notes
1.2017 GVA is based on the output measure of GVA to allow consistency with the sector measures for 2017. This is aligned to average GVA up to and including 2016 (last Supply Use balanced year) but then uses growth in the output measure as a proxy for GVA beyond that. The 2017 GVA figure will be revised next year, once the Supply Use tables have been balanced. This approach is different for Civil Society where the average proportion of the UK economy that is attributed to NPISH for 2010 to 2016 is assumed to be the same for 2017. This assumption seems reliable given the proportion does not vary much (from 1.2% to 1.4% over these years).
2.The Civil Society figure covers non-market charities in the NPISH (non-profit institutions serving households) sector. It does not include market provider charities who have passed the market test and therefore sit in the corporate sector (these data are not currently measured by ONS on a National Accounts basis), mutuals, social enterprises or community interest companies. Therefore, this is an underestimate for the sector.
3.DCMS sector total is lower than the sum of individual DCMS sectors because of overlaps between sectors. 4.(p) = provisional.
5.(r) = revised.
6.Data are in current prices (i.e. have not been adjusted for inflation).
7.Estimates for Tourism are based on a different methodology to all other sectors, as they are taken from the Tourism Satellite Account. Several methodology improvements were made for the 2016 Tourism data, which resulted in the 2015 data being revised. In 2016, several improvements were made to the Great Britain Day Visits Survey (GBDVS). More information on these changes can be found in Chapter 3 of the methodology note. As a result of these changes, a 15% increase was observed in the levels of visits reported by respondents. The 2015 data have been revised in line with the increased level of reporting of day visits. This change has not yet been implemented in the data prior to 2015. ONS plan to implement these changes in 2019 and therefore, caution should be taken when comparing data from 2015 onwards with previous years.

Understanding DCMS Sector overlaps

For each DCMS Sector, definitions were developed individually based on internal, UK or international best practice/standards for that sector. With the exception of Tourism and Civil Society* , all these definitions are based on the Standard Industrial Classification 2007 (SIC) codes. Therefore, bringing the sectors together creates overlap between them. Figure 2.2 shows these overlaps and how each sector contributes to the DCMS total

Due to these overlaps, adding up the individual sector GVA proportions would give a total greater than the actual value.

*For Tourism, a proportion of several SIC codes are used to identify the element of the industry that is directly represented by tourism. For the GVA value for Civil Society, non-market charities in the NPISH (non-profit institutions serving households) sector are defined using SIC codes. Both of these sectors therefore enable us to identify overlap with the other DCMS sectors based on SIC codes.

Figure 2.2: GVA and overlaps in DCMS Sectors, 2017

Table 2.2 outlines the overlaps shown in Figure 2.2 and the GVA contribution for these overlaps. As an example, 19.5% of the DCMS Sector GVA is within both the Creative Industries (as shown in the Sector 1 column) and the Digital Sector (as shown in the Sector 2 column) exclusively. Therefore, when calculating the DCMS Sector total, this is counted once. A further 6.7% of DCMS Sector GVA are accounted for by overlaps between the Creative Industries, Digital Sector and Cultural Sector (these include activities such as broadcasting and motion picture, video and TV production). These are shown in Sector 1, Sector 2 and Sector 3 columns which share this overlap, whereas only two sectors (Digital Sector and the Creative Industries) share the 19.5% overlap outlined above.

There is a small overlap (0.7% of DCMS Sector GVA) between 4 of the DCMS Sectors i.e. Tourism, Cultural Sector, Creative Industries and Civil Society (shown as Sector 1, Sector 2, Sector 3 and Sector 4 in the table), contributing £1.8bn to the UK economy in 2017.

For more information, Chapter 2 of the methodology notes visually outlines the overlap between SIC codes in DCMS Sectors* , but not the value of GVA within these overlaps. For the overlap between sectors in terms of the value of GVA, you should use Figure 2.2 and Table 2.2 in this document.

  *See Figure 2.1 in the methodology notes

Chapter 3: GVA in individual DCMS Sectors – Current Prices

This chapter builds on the analysis in chapter 2, providing more context and looking at the estimates for each individual sector. There is significant overlap between DCMS Sectors so users should be aware that the estimate for “DCMS Sectors Total” is lower than the sum of the individual sectors. It is also worth noting that those larger sub-sectors, which are found within multiple sectors, for example in Creative Industries and Cultural Sector, are likely to drive the trends in the same way for both sectors. Estimates for the Tourism Sector have been included, taking into account the methodological changes mentioned in Chapter 2.

Data tables accompanying this chapter (for sector and sub-sector) are available here.

Civil Society

Key Findings

Civil Society contributed £23.5bn to the UK economy in 2017, accounting for 1.3% of UK GVA. This sector saw an increase of 24.1% since 2010 (at £19.0bn) although declined by 3.7% since 2016 (£24.4bn in 2016).

Creative Industries

Key Findings

The Creative Industries contributed £101.5bn to the UK economy in 2017, accounting for 5.5% of GVA in the UK.

Between 2010 and 2017, the Creative Industries GVA increased by 53.1% (£66.3bn in 2010). This was the fastest growth among the DCMS sectors, and an increase nearly twice as fast as the UK economy (28.7% increase in the UK between 2010 and 2017).

The 'IT, software and computer services’ sub-sector is the largest Creative Industries sub-sector, accounting for £40.6bn in 2017 (40.0% of Creative Industries GVA in 2017). It is also a key driver of growth in the sector, having grown 9.1% since 2016 and 59.9% since 2010.

The ‘Film, TV, video, radio and photography’ sub-sector accounted for 16.5% of Creative Industries GVA in 2017 at £16.7bn. The ‘Advertising and marketing’ sub-sector accounted for 13.1% of Creative Industries GVA. These sub-sectors’ GVA values have increased by 8.9% and 5.8% respectively since 2016.

Cultural Sector

Key Findings

The Cultural Sector contributed £29.5bn to the UK economy in 2017 and accounted for 1.6% of UK GVA. The contribution of the Cultural Sector increased by 7.2% between 2016 and 2017, and by 38.5% since 2010.

Over three fifths (60.2%) of the Cultural Sector GVA was in the ‘Film, TV and music’ sub-sector (contributing £17.8bn in 2017), where GVA increased by 9.4% between 2016 and 2017, and 39.0% since 2010.

Nearly a quarter (24.8%) of Cultural Sector GVA was accounted for by the ‘Arts’ sub-sector. This sub-sector has increased by 62.6% since 2010, from £4.5bn in 2010 to £7.3bn in 2017, and increased by 6.2% since 2016 (£6.9bn in 2016).

Digital Sector

Key Findings

The Digital Sector contributed £130.5bn to the UK economy in 2017, accounting for 7.1% of UK GVA. This sector saw the greatest percentage increase of all DCMS Sectors between 2016 and 2017 (7.3%). This is faster than the GVA for the total UK economy, which increased by 4.8%. This Sector has also increased by 32.9% since 2010 (compared to 28.7% for the total UK economy).

There has been a steady growth in the ‘Computer programming, consultancy and related activities’ sub-sector in 2017. This sub-sector, which contributed over a third (37.1%) of the Digital Sector GVA in 2017, saw an increase in GVA value of 9.4% since 2016, and of 44.2% since 2010.

The ‘Telecoms’ sub-sector accounted for a quarter (25.0%) of Digital Sector GVA in 2017, contributing £32.6bn in 2017. This is an increase of 3.6% since 2016 and 31.6% since 2010.

Gambling

Key Findings

The Gambling Sector contributed £9.3bn to the UK economy in 2017, accounting for 0.5% of UK GVA. This is a decrease of £10.1bn since 2016. Since 2010, the Gambling Sector has increased by 10.3% (£8.4bn in 2010).

The Gambling Sector is a small industry and therefore can lead to some data volatility each year due to the sample size of businesses. The decline in GVA since 2015 is partly due to the restructure of businesses in this sector.

Sport

Key Findings

The Sports Sector contributed £9.8bn to the UK economy in 2017, accounting for 0.5% of UK GVA. This is an increase of 5.3% since 2016 (£9.3bn in 2016).

The Sports Sector GVA has increased by 40.0% since 2010 (£7.0bn in 2010), although it is worth noting a decline in the Sports Sector in 2013 is likely to be caused by the effects of the UK hosting the Olympic and Paralympic Games in 2012.

Telecoms

Key Findings

The Telecoms Sector contributed £32.6bn to the UK economy in 2017, accounting for 1.8% of UK GVA. This is an increase of 3.6% since 2016 (£31.4bn in 2016) and a 31.6% increase since 2010 (£24.8bn in 2010).

Tourism

Key Findings

The Tourism Sector contributed £67.7bn to the UK economy in 2017, accounting for 3.7% of UK GVA. This is a slight decline of 0.9% since 2016 (£68.3bn in 2016).

Chapter 4: GVA in Chained Volume Measures

This chapter presents UK GVA estimates for DCMS Sectors shown in chained volume measures (i.e. adjusted for inflation)* . These estimates of GVA are based on a similar methodology as used in the UK National Accounts, which describe volume measures derived by linking to the current monetary value in 2016. Further information on the methodology is available in the associated methodology notes.

*Chained Volume Measures (CVM) are different to constant prices. In CVM, the base period is updated each year, rather than the 5 year update. CVMs are created by linking together series with different base years. In this analysis we calculate Previous Year Prices and Current Year Prices (volume series in terms of last year's prices and current year prices). Constant Price is simply the current price data deflated using a price from a base period. Generally the base period is updated every 5 years (in this analysis it is 2010 as prices are based at 2010). It can be thought of as Constant Price Value. Further information on the difference in current price, constant price and chained volume measure is available here.

Similar to Current Price estimates mentioned in Chapter 2, data for the Tourism Sector in Chained Volume Measures cannot be compared to data prior to 2015 due to a change in methodology. ONS will look to revise the previous years’ tourism data in the future.

The GVA expressed in chained volume measures does not currently include the industries covered by the Office for Civil Society. This may be developed in the future if there is sufficient user demand.

Summary

It is estimated that in 2017, the contribution of DCMS sectors to the UK economy (GVA) was £239.8bn* , or 13.4% of UK GVA, expressed in chained volume measures (CVM). This represented a 1.8% increase since 2016, compared to 2.3% for the UK economy as a whole.

*All estimates of GVA are shown in chained volume measures (i.e. adjusted for inflation). The GVA expressed in Chained Volume Measures is lower than in current prices because of the effects of inflation being taken into account, but mainly due to civil society not currently being included in the Chained Volume Measures estimate.

The GVA of DCMS Sectors* (excluding Tourism) has grown at a faster rate than the UK economy as a whole, increasing by 23.2% since 2010 (£144.7bn). This compares to an increase of 15.1% for the UK economy as a whole over the same time period.

*Excluding Civil Society. The GVA expressed in chained volume measures does not include an estimate for Civil Society.

Figure 4.1 shows the growth rate for DCMS sectors as a whole, whilst Table 4.1 outlines the GVA contribution in £billions for each of DCMS sectors.

Notes

  1. 2017 GVA is based on the output measure of GVA to allow consistency with the sector measures for 2017. This is aligned to average GVA up to and including 2016 (last Supply Use balanced year) but then uses growth in the output measure as a proxy for GVA beyond that. The 2017 figure therefore differs from ABMM. 2010 – 2016 GVA estimates use balanced GVA in chained volume measures (ABMM).

  2. DCMS sector total is lower than the sum of individual DCMS sectors because of overlaps between sectors.

  3. Data are in chained volume measures (i.e. have been adjusted for inflation).

  4. Data are not available for Civil Society at present.

  5. p = provisional.

  6. r = revised. These are planned revisions in line with National Accounts data published by ONS.

  7. Estimates for Tourism are based on a different methodology to all other sectors, as they are taken from the Tourism Satellite Account. Several methodology improvements were made for the 2016 Tourism data, which resulted in the 2015 data being revised. In 2016, several improvements were made to the Great Britain Day Visits Survey (GBDVS). More information on these changes can be found in Chapter 3 of the methodology note. As a result of these changes, a 15% increase was observed in the levels of visits reported by respondents. The 2015 data have been revised in line with the increased level of reporting of day visits. This change has not yet been implemented in the data prior to 2015. ONS plan to implement these changes in 2019 and therefore, caution should be taken when comparing data from 2015 onwards with previous years.

Of the DCMS sectors:

• Digital Sector contributed £127.2bn to the UK economy in 2017 in terms of chained volume measures, accounting for 7.1% of UK GVA.
• Creative Industries contributed £99.0bn in 2017, accounting for 5.5% of UK GVA.
• Cultural Sector contributed £28.9bn, 1.6% of UK economy GVA.

These sectors have increased by 4.6%, 4.5% and 4.9% respectively since 2016, around double the UK economy growth in the same period (at 2.3%). They have all had strong growth since 2010 too, increasing by 20.3%, 35.7% and 21.4% respectively, compared to 15.1% for the UK as a whole.

There has been a steady growth in GVA in chained volume measures in the Telecoms Sector since 2010, increasing by 25.9% since 2010 and contributing £32.0bn to the UK economy in 2017. The Telecoms Sector increased by 1.7% since 2016, slightly less than the growth seen over this time period for the UK as a whole. The Sports Sector has also increased by 3.1% since 2016 from £9.3bn to £9.6bn in 2017. It has also seen similar levels of growth since 2010 as the UK as a whole (15.5% increase since 2010). As mentioned in Chapter 3, the decline in this sector, in 2013 is likely to be caused by the effects of the UK hosting the Olympic and Paralympic Games in 2012.

The Gambling Sector decreased by 9.6% between 2016 and 2017 and 9.8% since 2010. As mentioned in Chapter 3, the Gambling Sector is a small industry and therefore can lead to some data volatility each year due to the sample size of businesses. The absolute change in GVA expressed in chained volume measures for the Gambling Sector is approximately £1 billion between 2010 and 2017. The Tourism Sector contributed £61.6bn to the UK economy in 2017, a decline of 2.7% since 2016 (£63.3bn in 2016).

Chapter 5: Next Steps

DCMS have developed a suite of economic estimates which help support policy and understand the economic impact our sectors have on the UK economy. The GVA estimates in this release are expected to be used by customers both within and outside the government. In combination with other economic indicators, GVA estimates help build a comprehensive picture of the UK economy, and of the DCMS Sectors’ importance within it.

Upcoming work in the DCMS Economic Estimates series includes:

• Business Demographics - In January 2019, DCMS will publish 2017 estimates of the number of businesses in DCMS sectors.

• Earnings – In 2019, DCMS will introduce new analysis on earnings data for Digital Sector employees based on the Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (ASHE) dataset provided by Office for National Statistics (ONS). If there is sufficient interest in these statistics, DCMS plan to widen this analysis further in the future to include all DCMS Sectors.

The date for these publications will be announced via the DCMS statistical release calendar nearer the time.

Feedback and consultation

DCMS aims to continuously improve the quality of estimates and better meet user needs. We encourage our users to engage with us so that we can improve our statistics and identify gaps in the statistics that we produce. If you would like to comment on these statistics or have any enquiries on the statistics please do get in touch at evidence@culture.gov.uk.

DCMS Sector Economic Estimates is an Official Statistic and has been produced to the standards set out in the Code of Practice for Statistics. The statistical series have undergone National Statistics assessment this year. The Office for Statistics Regulation are expected to publish a report in December 2018. DCMS will work closely with the Office for Statistics Regulation to take forward any recommendations to improve the trustworthiness, quality and value of the series.

Annex A: Limitations

 
The estimates set out in this report are robust but there are some limitations which users should be aware of:

ABS survey design changes – The ABS (Annual Business Survey) is used to break down the Supply and Use Tables (SUT) estimates to the 4 digit level. However, users should note that the ABS population was expanded in 2015 which led to an increase in the number of businesses in the overall population of approximately 4%. In 2015, these businesses increased the level of turnover by 0.4% and aGVA by 0.8%.

Users should also note that a sample re-optimisation has been included in the ABS estimates for 2016. This is carried out every five years to improve the efficiency of the sample estimation and reduce sampling variability as part of the regular process to improve estimates.

Both of these survey design changes can have a possible impact on the DCMS GVA estimates although the ABS is only being used to provide a proportion of the SUT so these changes should have minimal impact on the overall figures.

Sport - For the purposes of this publication the statistical definition of sport has been used. This incorporates only those 4 digit Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes which are predominately sport (see methodology note Table 2.1). DCMS also publishes estimates of sport based on the EU agreed Vilnius definition. The Vilnius definition is a more comprehensive measure of sport which considers the contribution of sport across a range of industries, for example sport advertising, and sport related construction. The methodology for the DCMS Sport Satellite Account is currently being reviewed and therefore has not been used in these estimates.

Tourism – Estimates for tourism used in this publication are based on a different methodology to all other sectors, as they are taken from the Tourism Satellite Account. This is an internationally recommended methodology for measurement of the contribution of tourism to the economy. The latest Tourism Satellite Account was published by ONS on 28th November 2018, and includes the latest estimates for direct tourism GVA, employment and trade.

Heritage – The heritage sector is depicted in our estimates by one SIC code “91.03 Operation of historical sites and building and similar visitor attractions”. DCMS use standard industrial classification (SIC) codes to construct these estimates, which enables international comparability as well as comparability with national estimates. As the balance and make-up of the economy changes, the international SIC codes used here are less able to provide the detail for important elements of the UK economy related to DCMS sectors. It is therefore recognised that the published estimates are likely to be an underestimate for the Heritage sector.

Office for Civil Society – Responsibility for the Office for Civil Society (OCS) was transferred from Cabinet Office to DCMS on 21 July 2016. OCS leads cross-government work in support of the voluntary, community and social enterprise sector (VCSE). The estimates included in this report attempt to measure the contribution of the civil society sector the UK economy.

For GVA expressed in current prices, the estimate for the Civil Society covers non-market charities sitting in the NPISH (non-profit institutions serving households) sector. It does not include market provider charities who have passed the market test and therefore sit in the corporate sector (These data are not currently measured by ONS on a National Accounts basis), mutuals, social enterprises or community interest companies. An estimate of the economic contribution of volunteering is also included, but this is not included in the “All DCMS Sectors” total due to it being part of the informal economy and therefore not part of the traditional methodology of calculating GVA.

Responsibility for the Office for Civil Society (OCS) was transferred from Cabinet Office to DCMS on 21 July 2016. OCS leads cross-government work in support of the voluntary, community and social enterprise sector (VCSE). The estimates included in this report attempt to measure the contribution of the civil society sector in the UK economy.

For GVA expressed in current prices, the estimate for the Civil Society covers non-market charities sitting in the NPISH (non-profit institutions serving households) sector. It does not include market provider charities who have passed the market test and therefore sit in the corporate sector (these data are not currently measured by ONS on a National Accounts basis), mutuals, social enterprises or community interest companies. An estimate of the economic contribution of volunteering is also included, but this is not included in the “All DCMS Sectors” total due to it being part of the informal economy and therefore not part of the traditional methodology of calculating GVA.

NPISH data includes non-market charities, universities, trade unions and political parties. Of these, OCS only covers charities. As balanced industry data are not available split by source (i.e. the 4 sources covering charities, universities, trade unions and political parties), we have assumed that the balancing adjustment and other inputs used during data processing, are applied in proportion to the underlying size of each source data. Furthermore, it is not possible to identify the overlap between NPISH sectors and DCMS sectors due to the way the data are processed, unless there is an exact 1:1 match. For example NPISH data are processed for SIC 90, which is also within the Cultural and Tourism sector, and therefore this overlap can be removed in the ‘All DCMS Sector’ value. Conversely, NPISH data are provided for SICs 68.1 and 68.2 combined and cannot be separated. SIC 68.1 is not a DCMS industry, but SIC 68.2 is, and therefore a slight overlap will be included in the ‘All DCMS Sector’ value. It is estimated that the overlap is a maximum of 0.2% of total UK GVA. However given that the estimates for Civil Society as a whole are an underestimate for the sector (not including market provider charities, mutuals, social enterprises and community interest companies), the ‘All DCMS Sector’ value is not an overestimate even when compensating for this small overlap.

An estimate for the Office for Civil Society has not been included in the GVA expressed in chained volume measures.

2010 - 2016 GVA – 2016 GVA has been updated from the figures published in November 2017 to take into account the latest balancing of the National Accounts and finalisation of the Annual Business Survey data. National Accounts Supply Use Tables are open to revisions back to 1997 each year resulting in some changes to the back series too. These are planned revisions and an integral part of the balancing process.

2017 GVA - For 2017, the GVA data are taken from the output measure of GVA to allow consistency with the sector measures. This is aligned to average GVA up to and including 2016 (last Supply Use balanced year) but then uses growth in the output measure as a proxy for GVA beyond that. The 2017 figure therefore differs from National Account GVA at current basic prices (series named ABML). The only exception is for Civil Society where a different approach is used (see below for further information). Please note that the overall 2017 GVA figure is provisional and subject to change when National Accounts are published in 2019.

2017 Civil Society GVA - The Civil Society GVA figures are based on NPISH (Non-profit institutions serving households) data. The 2016 figures cannot be identified in the output approach to GDP, which is the approach taken for other DCMS sectors. Between Blue Books the only data published on NPISH is their final consumption expenditure. It is not appropriate to use this for the 2017 estimate as it captures only one element of output with no information on intermediate consumption. The 2017 estimates published by DCMS therefore assumes the average proportion of the UK economy that is attributed to NPISH from 2010 to 2016 to be the same for 2017. The same approach is taken to identify the overlap between NPISH and other DCMS sectors (where possible).

Classifications - Estimates have been constructed from ONS Official Statistics which use international classifications. This is an important element of the methodology due to availability of data and to enable international comparability. The ability to produce consistent figures each year also allows trends over time to be measured. However, as a result there are substantial limitations to the underlying classifications. As the balance and make-up of the economy changes the international classifications are less able to provide the detail for important elements of the UK economy related to DCMS sectors, and therefore best fit SIC codes have been used to produce these estimates. More details of limitations are available in the methodology note.

Annex B: External Data Sources

It is recognised that there are always different ways to define sectors, but their relevance depends on what they are needed for. Government generally favours classification systems which are rigorously measured, internationally comparable, nationally consistent, and ideally applicable to specific policy interventions.

These are the main reasons for DCMS using SIC code based definitions for its sectors. However DCMS accept that there are limitations with this approach (see Annex A), and alternative definitions can be useful where a policy-relevant grouping of businesses crosses existing Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes. DCMS are aware of other estimates of DCMS sectors. These estimates use varying methodologies and can be useful for serving several purposes, e.g. monitoring progress under specific policy themes such as community health or the environment, or measuring activities subsumed across a range of SICs. While potentially useful, the quality of the data depends on that of the evidence used to estimate the appropriate share of existing SICs.

  The table shows different sources of analysis measuring the economic contribution of different DCMS policy areas from our Arm’s Length Bodies. It is recognised that there will be many other sources of evidence from industry bodies, for example, which have not been included in this table. This will be developed over time to capture a wider spectrum of stakeholder’s releases.

Annex C: Further information

1. The next update to these statistics will be published in November 2019, once the National Accounts have been published.

2. The responsible statistician for this release is Davita Patel. For enquiries on this release, please contact Davita on 0207 211 2317 or evidence@culture.gov.uk.

3. For general enquiries contact: Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport 100 Parliament Street London SW1A 2BQ Telephone: 020 7211 6000

4. DCMS statisticians can be followed on Twitter via @DCMSInsight.

5. The Economic estimates of DCMS Sectors release is an Official Statistics publication and has been produced to the standards set out in the Code of Practice for Official Statistics. For more information, see http://www.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/ assessment/code-of-practice/code-of-practice-for-official-statistics.pdf. Details of the pre-release access arrangements for this dataset have been published alongside this release.